Source 5 |
Source 6Book of the Dead
Saith Horus, the son of Isis: "I have come unto thee, O Unnefer, and I have brought the Osiris Ani unto thee. His heart is [found] righteous coming forth from the balance, and it hath not sinned against god or goddess. Thoth hath weighed it according to the decree uttered unto him by the company {p. 261} of the gods; and it is very true and righteous. Grant him cakes and ale; and let him enter into the presence of Osiris; and may he be like unto the followers of Horus for ever." Behold, Osiris Ani saith: "O Lord of Amentet (the underworld), I am in thy presence. There is no sin in me, I have not lied wittingly, nor have I done aught with a false heart. Grant that I may be like unto those favoured ones who are round about thee, and that I may be an Osiris, greatly favoured of the beautiful god and beloved of the lord of the world, [I] the royal scribe indeed, who loveth him Ani, triumphant before the god Osiris." The Book of the Dead: The Papyrus of Ani, Plate IV. Translated by E.A. Wallis Budge 1895 from http://www.hermetics.org/pdf/sacred/BookOfDead.pdf |
Source 7
Herodotus was a Greek Historian from Ionia during the 5th Century BCE.
Having agreed on a price, the bearers go away, and the workmen, left alone in their place, embalm the body. If they do this in the most perfect way, they first draw out part of the brain through the nostrils with an iron hook, and inject certain drugs into the rest. [4] Then, making a cut near the flank with a sharp knife of Ethiopian stone, they take out all the intestines, and clean the belly, rinsing it with palm wine and bruised spices; [5] they sew it up again after filling the belly with pure ground myrrh and casia and any other spices, except frankincense. After doing this, they conceal the body for seventy days, embalmed in saltpetre; no longer time is allowed for the embalming; [6] and when the seventy days have passed, they wash the body and wrap the whole of it in bandages of fine linen cloth, anointed with gum, which the Egyptians mostly use instead of glue; [7] then they give the dead man back to his friends. These make a hollow wooden figure like a man, in which they enclose the corpse, shut it up, and keep it safe in a coffin-chamber, placed erect against a wall.
Herodotus, Histories, 2.86
Having agreed on a price, the bearers go away, and the workmen, left alone in their place, embalm the body. If they do this in the most perfect way, they first draw out part of the brain through the nostrils with an iron hook, and inject certain drugs into the rest. [4] Then, making a cut near the flank with a sharp knife of Ethiopian stone, they take out all the intestines, and clean the belly, rinsing it with palm wine and bruised spices; [5] they sew it up again after filling the belly with pure ground myrrh and casia and any other spices, except frankincense. After doing this, they conceal the body for seventy days, embalmed in saltpetre; no longer time is allowed for the embalming; [6] and when the seventy days have passed, they wash the body and wrap the whole of it in bandages of fine linen cloth, anointed with gum, which the Egyptians mostly use instead of glue; [7] then they give the dead man back to his friends. These make a hollow wooden figure like a man, in which they enclose the corpse, shut it up, and keep it safe in a coffin-chamber, placed erect against a wall.
Herodotus, Histories, 2.86
Source 8Cause the Two Lands to bow before this Unas as they bow before Horus!
Cause the Two Lands to fear Unas as they fear Seth! Be seated before Unas as his god, open his way in front of the spirits, that he may stand in front of the spirits like Anubis Khentimentiu. Forward! Forward, before Osiris! Pyramid Texts, Utterance 81:57 from http://www.pyramidtextsonline.com/sarcnorth.html#sarcnorth3 |
Source 9He goes who goes with his Ka.
Horus goes with his Ka, Seth goes with his Ka. -burning incense- Thoth goes with his Ka the God goes with his Ka, Osiris goes with his Ka, He-With-Two-Eyes goes with his Ka, you also go with your Ka. O Unas, the arm of your Ka is before you. O Unas, the arm of your Ka is behind you. O Unas, the leg of your Ka is before you. O Unas, the leg of your Ka is behind you. Osiris Unas, I give you the Eye of Horus, that your face may be adorned with it. To say four times: That the perfume of the Eye of Horus may spread towards you. Pyramid Texts, Utterance 25:17 from http://www.pyramidtextsonline.com/sarcnorth.html#sarcnorth3 |
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Top Left: Scarab amulet representing the dung beetle, symbolic of regeneration.
Bottom Left: the tit, or Girdle of Isis, which afforded protection.
Top Right: the wedjad, eye of Horus, which was protective and warded off evil.
Bottom Right: the djed- pillar thought to resemble the backbone of Osiris; it offered stability and the possibility of the god's resurrection.
Centre: a composite amulet formed of the djed, ankh and was- sceptre; it was symbolic of dominion. 25th Dynasty to Late Period, c. 700-500 BCE; glazed composition and red jasper, composite amulet from Gebel Barkal. H. of composite amulet 23.1 cm
Source 15
Amon: Primoridal creation deity; one of 8 gods of chaos; combined with the suprme solar deity, Ra, Amon-RA was the hidden power that created the gods.
Anubis: Embalming
Atum: One of 4 creation deities; caused the division of the sexes; as Ra-Atum, he represented the evening sun.
Bes: Music, dance, war, slaughter.
Duamutef: Protect deceased's stomach.
Geb: Earth and guide to heaven.
Hapi: Nile god.
Hapy: Protect deceased's lungs.
Horus: Many guises. Falcon-head. Sky god whose left eye was the moon amd whose right eye was the sun (depicted as an eye); king of Egypt.
Imsety: Protect deceased's liver.
Khensu: Moon god.
Khnemu/ Khnum: One of 4 creator gods; potter who sculpted man and anumals and breathed life into them; water god.
Min: Fertility god who bestowed sexual powers on men.
Osiris: Earth and vegetation.
Ptah: Patron of craftsmen.
Qebehsenuef: Protect deceased's intestines.
Re: Sun
Seth: Lord of Lower Egypt & evil enemy of Horus
Shu: God of space & light between sky & earth; power over snakes; held ladder to heaven.
Sobek: Crocodile god.
Thoth: Wisdom & learning.
Egyptian gods and their function/ Identity. From http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/egyptmyth/a/071809EgyptianGodsTable.htm